Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Enterprise Book Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Undertaking Book - Case Study Example particle through top notch administrations, for example, through quick exchanges and support of the staff, the ESQi gives the fitting condition that helps in satisfying this target (Exhibit 3). This is on the grounds that it is attached to the whole organization’s fundamental procedures including representative remuneration. Consumer loyalty, regarding ESQi, turned into the fundamental plan where the clients were reached to give input on their experience when being served by the organization. Accordingly, the directors got liable for the scores. The instrument was likewise the principle determinant of whether a worker could be advanced where a decent score of the subject employee’s branch would ensure advancement after they had been working in the organization for a predetermined period. This suggests the compensations were attached to the individual’s execution in the obligations doled out. This method of pay incited the representatives to work additional time t han what had been indicated by the organization in order to expand the odds of advancement and more significant compensations coming about because of the branch’s execution. This framework would be successful if the organization guarantees that all representatives are very much aware of its activities and on the off chance that it is followed precisely. This is on the grounds that it has started expanded inspiration to the point that the representatives are happy to work longer than the organization has specified. Moreover, it starts a responsibility among the workers, which would work as an upper hand for Enterprise. The most significant issue regarding rising issues in the market is the possibility of union between two primary players that incorporate DTG and Vanguard. The merger may introduce a huge danger to Enterprise albeit free endeavors by either DTG or Vanguard don't gauge to Enterprises’ activities (Exhibit 1). This could be a principle danger since blend of activity implies mix of administrative thoughts where such a merger could bring about an exceptionally solid administrative practice to

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Jamaican Culture and Society Essay examples -- American History

Jamaican Culture and Society I. Presentation Retracing the Remnants of Colonialism: While examining and breaking down contemporary Caribbean culture one must not neglect to recognize the loathsome heritages of expansionism and government. Contemporary Caribbean culture, governmental issues, and financial matters meagerly cover the repercussions of a frontier and authoritative past. Because of the remainders of pilgrim establishments, for example, servitude and the ranch framework, the Caribbean has encountered a scope of negative cultural impacts, in particular the solidification of a binding together social character. The end of imperialism in the Caribbean didn't check the finish of social delineation dependent on racial and ethnic divisions. The predominant racial qualifications and chain of importance that described imperialism through the organization of bondage have generally frustrated any orderly endeavor to make a particular national social personality. Along these lines, this investigation of the Jamaican culture and society will personally relate racial p hilosophies and social class structures so as to represent the elements of the Jamaican social character emergency. II. The Emergence and Implications of a Social Caste System: The post-pilgrim period in the Caribbean represented the test of making country states with flourishing social orders that would meet the wants and fates of their occupants. Jamaica, which as of late accomplished its freedom from Great Britain in 1962, was in fact no special case to this test. Truth be told, Jamaica, in the same way as other of its Caribbean partners, had an exorbitant trouble in making and keeping up a solid, strong national reasonableness (Knight, 307). The trouble of making a firm national personality at first developed in the post-liberation period in J... ...liography- Selections taken from: Michelle Cliff’s exposition, On the off chance that I Could Write This With Fire. Henriques, Fernando. Jamaica: Land of Wood and Water. Maggibbon and Kee: London. 1957 Knight, Franklin. The Caribbean: The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism. Oxford University Press: New York, 1990. Lawson, Winston Arthur. Religion and Race: African and European Roots in Conflict-A Jamaican Testament. Dwindle Lang Publishing: New York, 1996. Morris, Mervyn. Making West Indian Literature University of the West Indies 2013. Web 9 May 2015. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1280&context=anthurium Nettleford, Rex. Caribbean Cultural Identity: The instance of Jamaica-An Essay in Cultural Dynamics. UCLA Publications: Los Angeles. Nettleford, Rex. Personality, Race and Protest in Jamaica. William Morrow and Company: New York, 1972.

Friday, August 21, 2020

The Greek System

The Greek System Hey guys, Recently in the media, there has been a lot of negative  attention aimed at the Greek community nationwide. A few  bad eggs have given people a less than pleasant perception  about Greek life as a whole, but the truth of the matter is that these very public examples of Greek life are really only a small sample size. My goal for this post is in no way, shape, or form intended to recruit kids coming to college to join Greek life. I fully comprehend that its not for everyone, and thats fineâ€"to each their own. Instead, my aim is to teach people that going Greek is no different than joining any other student-run organization. In the rush process, there are interviews, there is an executive board that runs the chapter, there are chair positions that execute specific jobs to aid in the running of the chapter, and there is an alumni base that offers support to its undergrad counterparts. However, the real focus of Greek life is to be a supplemental part of the collegiate education system and to assist in developing young men and women into functioning members of society. I believe that becoming part of the Greek community  is something that will augment ones  college experiences in a positive manner. When I first came to Illinois, it was my first time spending more than a week away from home by myself. At that point in my life, joining a fraternity had never even crossed my mind. This was true until I started exploring campus. When I came across the fraternity I would one day be a proud member of, I was oblivious. All I saw was a kid in a t-shirt from a high school near where I lived back home. Wanting to meet a new friend, I walked up to the kid and was instantly hooked. Now, people can brush my experience off as a simple rush tactic implemented on an impressionable college freshman, but I see it as more. The immediate and genuine friendship I experienced that day and those I’ve enjoyed for the past three years have been some of my fondest memories of college. For me, Greek life has always been about camaraderie, the personal development of my brothers and myself, and helping each other as much as we can to succeed in both our personal lives as well as our academic and professional lives. For this reason, I think it would be wrong if some incoming freshmen turned a blind eye to even the possibility of joining a Greek organization because of a false perception they might have of the Greek community. Until next time, Kenny Kenny Class of 2016 I’m in the Creative Writing program in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I’m originally from Tampa, Florida, but I’ve been calling Illinois my home since 1998. I’ve lived all over the Northwest suburbs, from Palatine to Lakemoor to where I currently live back home, Mundelein.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Identifying The Search For An Keyword Search Tool

A. Email messages A forensic accountant could use a few different techniques to assist in reducing the volume of email messages he or she has to examine. One technique they could utilize is using a keyword search. This is probably the easiest to implement in searching for specific emails. Keyword search tools generally come in two types, indexed or not indexed. An indexed keyword search tool depends on the index that it created in order to actually locate documents having the specific search terms. A non-indexed keyword search scans through the document with each search iteration to determine whether the specific term exists. They keyword search will accurately find documents within the search criteria, however the documents may not have any relevance to what the forensic accountant is actually looking for. Therefore, the forensic accountant wants to be sure he or she is utilizing specific key words to find the evidence he or she is looking for. Another method is context search. The context search adds context to the search criteria. â€Å"Context search helps improve the keyword search solution by addressing the problems present in keyword searches related to synonymy and polysemy. Synonymy is a common linguistic issue where different words are used to express the same concept, and polysemy is where the same word can have different meanings† (Fordham, 2013). The context search method combines several advance techniques in a simple user interface, making searchesShow MoreRelatedOnline Tools For Search Engines1251 Words   |  6 PagesKeyword Choice Keyword phrase selection involves identifying and selecting group of keywords that can be used in optimization of websites. This process requires time to find a good set of phrases which offer two important factors: more usage by researchers and low competition in search engines. [6] Users use keywords to find the target websites or solutions to their problems. Search engines also utilizes keywords as search criteria to retrieve the results for websites. Therefore, main keyword needsRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Seo1430 Words   |  6 Pagesthese strategies are based on market trends, best practices, and industry research. Creating SEO campaigns and implementing them can be surprisingly difficult. You need to do keyword research, craft compelling content that appeals to your audience, and build a diversified backlink portfolio to optimize your website for search. But how do you apply relevance to these SEO strategies and turn them into action? By creating a fictional company, we can provide real life examples on ways to transfer theRead MoreIdentifying A Google Penalty Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesIdentifying a Google penalty A Google penalty can be the stuff that nightmares are made of. It can quite literally stop your website in its tracks, but there’s something that can sometimes feel worse than having a Google penalty slammed onto your website and that’s actually having to identify your Google penalty. The first step you need to take, before you actively do something is to find out just where you stand. Look at your sales and your traffic and ask yourself if either have dropped suddenlyRead MoreSearch Engine Optimization, Or Seo1597 Words   |  7 PagesSearch Engine Optimization, or SEO, is â€Å"a technical marketing discipline, the purpose of which is to make a website relevant, reachable, and visible to users searching for keywords and topics.† (Linkdex). With an average of 3 billion web queries each day, internet search is critical for a business to gain edge over its competition. SEO has become the standard for marketers as a way to be found in search to attract qualified t raffic and leads. From a business perspective, SEO cannot be treated asRead MoreMarket Samurai : An Userguide For All Newbie1225 Words   |  5 PagesNewbie Market Samurai is one of the most effective keyword analysis tools that would help you to find bight opportunities in the market and is going to help you to avoid dead end projects before you begin. It is known to be a strong keyword research tool that is popularly available from Noble Samurai which is a targeted internet marketing group. Market Samurai is a standalone SEO keyword tool that helps you to research for some of the best keywords that are available in the industry and helps you toRead MoreWhat Is Digital Pr?689 Words   |  3 Pagesalso be referred to as Online PR. Online PR involves activities geared towards influencing media, communities and audiences that exist solely on the Internet, using online mediums. It includes search engines, blogs, news search, forums, discussion threads, social networks and other online communication tools. Brand reputation monitoring and management is also a focus area for online PR. Digital PR is extremely useful in enhancing one’s organizations online reputation, delivering key messages toRead MoreTop 5 Free Android Apps for SEO and Online Marketers Essay575 Words   |  3 Pageshard work as well as complete knowledge on SEO process. SEO industry is now being considered as a very challenging market after the quality concerned intellectual algorithm updates from the search engines. So, as an online marketer or SEO consultant you need to sweat more for your clients to rank high on search engines and social media feeds. Going mobile is a good idea to keep up with the SEO campaigns. And the new technologies like mobile apps are really helping the inbound experts to be updatedRead MoreSearch Engines For Search Engine Optimization1041 Words   |  5 PagesMany people use search engines as a starting point for navigating the web, making search engines a crucial link in connecting content providers and users. This has spurred a sizable literature on search mar keting that studies clicking behavior at search engines. To date, most of this literature has concentrated on the sponsored links that are typically displayed alongside organic links when consumers conduct searches. SEO, which stands for search engine optimization, is the process of modifying siteRead MoreSearch Engine Optimisation Or Seo1669 Words   |  7 PagesSearch engine optimisation or SEO Search engine optimisation or SEO as it’s otherwise known refers to the process of improving the position your website holds within the search engines such as Google. Generally speaking, websites that appear higher up in the results i.e. page one, will get more traffic and potentially more business. Everyone’s goal, including your own is to get to page one and ideally, top position of page one but whether that’s actually feasible will largely depend on the marketRead MoreSearch Engine Optimization ( Seo )1525 Words   |  7 PagesSearch Engine Optimization (SEO) is the process of optimizing a company’s / individual’s website to appear on top of Google Search for particular keywords that people are looking for. For any business, setting up a website is just the beginning and the success of the business primarily depends on the promotion of the website for customers to get an awareness of their product. We are all aware that the majority of onlin e consumers use search engine to look for products, services or business information

Thursday, May 14, 2020

The Man And Legend Essay - 1211 Words

Can We Attain an Equal America?; Can we really achieve equality? I do believe it is possible but it is obvious that there is no single answer to such a question. Everyone has their own opinion in regards to this question, however those opinions are useless unless they are actually carried out. According to W.E.B. DuBois racial equality can be achieved through the talented tenth,; an African American elite that would be leaders and role models for the rest of the black community. In The Future of the Race, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Cornel West address the topic of Dubois 1903 essay The Talented Tenth.; When it comes to achieving equality among all races I dont particularly agree with DuBois idea of a Talented Tenth.; I†¦show more content†¦Malcolm X declares that if it is right for America to draft us and teach us how to be violent in defense of the country, then isnt right for you and me to do whatever is necessary to defend our own people right here in this country.;(89) Consequently, he believed that on ly through revolution and force could blacks attain their rightful place in society. In one of his speeches Malcolm X encouraged blacks to hate whites and to revolt against them. He claims that revolution is bloody, revolution is hostile, revolution knows no compromise, revolution overturns and destroys everything that gets in it way.; However, when he later broke free from the black Muslim movement began emphasizing unity and change through black pride and respect for oneself rather than through hate and revenge. He told blacks that if they had any chance of blacks attaining equality, then their first priority would be to gain self-respect and join together in a group effort to combat racist views. (253) I believe that there is one main problem that hinders the idea of having a group effort to achieve equality. That is that our minds seem to support and defend our own reasoning and actions, whether they are right or wrong. We have to learn how to admit being wrong. I simply cant believe that people find racism as a way of life. However, it all comes down to what you learn when youre a child. Generations of the future must be taughtShow MoreRelatedPatton, The Man Behind The Legend1733 Words   |  7 Pages Patton, the Man Behind the Legend, 1885-1945. Zach Harper History 2200, U.S. History Since 1877 (to the Present) Dr. James Moulton 20 April 2016 â€Æ' Blumenson, Martin. (1985). Patton, the man behind the legend, 1885-1945. New York: Morrow. How would you define determination? Determination is often having the motivation and willpower to see a goal, a task or an idea through to the end. Throughout our history, there have been many events that have shaped or had an effect on our countryRead MoreZeus The man the Myth the Legend1577 Words   |  7 Pagesthought. The next great threat to Zeus was by the monstrous Tiphon. Gaia was still holding a grudge against Zeus for the imprisonment of her children, the Titans. Gaia mated with her son Tartarus from the underworld to create Tiphon. It had the body of man with the legs of coiled snakes. Its head consisted of one hundred snake and dragon-like heads that produced the terrible sound of humans, lion roars, the whimpering of dogs, and many other indescribable noises (Stone 71). The battle was nearly apocalypticRead MoreAnalysis Of Ip Man And Fist Of Legend1874 Words   |  8 PagesThe final scenes of Ip Man and Fist of Legend are much more than just epic fight scenes between the protagonist and antagonist. These fight scenes are the culmination of Chinese struggle against Japanese oppression. The overarching focus of this paper will be directed towards each films use of martial arts as a medium for Chinese nationalism. The overall method for introducing Chinese nationalism to each film is rel atively similar. The main difference between the Chinese nationalism establishedRead MoreEssay on Muhammad Ali: The Man, the Myth, and the Legend1104 Words   |  5 PagesMuhammad Ali: The Man, the Myth, and the Legend Muhammad Ali is one of the most decorated athletes in American history. For decades he dominated the boxing world going against any and every opposition that came before him. His stamina and charisma has yet to be matched by any athlete since him. The Vietnam War drove many Americans into the vicious battle. Many served faithfully but Muhammad Ali refused to serve his country in that way. His career was threatened and he was on the verge of beingRead MoreGeorge Washington : Man, Myth, Legend Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesFrom cutting a cherry tree at the age of six to being the first president of the United States George Washington was a very influential man throughout his career. The topics of discussion will be his life before, during, and after his career, his major events, and the effects of his major events on the world. There shall be three subtopics amongst each main topic. For the first section, the subtopics are the importance of his birthdate and birthplace, childhood life, and his education. The secondRead MoreCharlie â€Å"Bird, † Parker the Man, the Myth, the Legend, the Addict...3532 Words   |  15 PagesCharlie â€Å"Bird,† Parker The Man, The Myth, The Legend, The Addict... Charles parker was a brilliant jazz musician. He was so innovative and played with such genius that he has influenced all jazz musicians regardless of their time period. One can only speculate what might have happened with Jazz if Charles life was not cut short due to intense drug use as was so common in the musician scene. Then again one can only speculate weather or not Charles Jazz would have been as great as it was if itRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart And The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe Themes â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† One of Washington Irving’s short and most famous stories ‘The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’ has become a ghoulish characteristic yet an individual might still be unaccustomed with its idiocy (Hoffman, 425). Based on the real legend of Ichabod Crane, the story reveals how he disappeared. For that reason, the story revolves around the themes of wealth, appearances, truth, warfare, supernatural, gluttony and greed. On the other hand, TheRead MoreThe Origin Of The Native American1415 Words   |  6 Pagesstory of the origination of the Blackfeet starts with Napi, more commonly known as Old Man. Although the origin of the Old Man is unknown, it is expressed that the Old Man started to walk north, creating things as he went. He created animals and as he created them, he determined the best place for them to live, such as the big horned sheep should live in a mountainous region instead of a desert region. Old Man then made a woman and a child, and with this, came the Black feet people. â€Å"The first peopleRead MoreEssay Archetypal Symbols in the Alchemist1002 Words   |  5 PagesPortuguese and has since been translated in 67 different languages. It has sold over 65 million copies worldwide and was awarded â€Å"Best Fiction Corine International Award† in 2002. It follows a story of a boy named Santiago who is following his personal legend. The Alchemist has many archetypal themes and symbols including wise old men, women, and the nature around him. Throughout this novel, Coelho uses archetypal men. The men he uses are the Alchemist, his father, and the King of Salem. Wise old menRead MoreUrban Myths Of Urban Legends981 Words   |  4 PagesImagine the urban legends from your younger years, a reminiscent of your wildest fears. Your heart rate gradually increases from the thought, feeling it pump out from your chest. Your breathing staggers and paranoia surrounds you. You’re frozen from fear, yet you can’t run or fight it off. As we grow, urban legends are intended to make us feel specific emotions: as children they instill fear, as adolescents they’re meant more as humorous banter, while as adults, they’re forgotten and replaced with

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Secret Truth About My Antonia Essay Topics Uncovered

The Secret Truth About My Antonia Essay Topics Uncovered The Argument About My Antonia Essay Topics Furthermore, these essays enable students develop critical thinking skills to approach a wide variety of topics. You only need to order a fantastic essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in a number of fields. Curriculum proposal topics is a means to try. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. Within this essay, pick a time which you were able to follow experiences and perspectives contrary to yours with respect and maturity. Inside this respect, we can attempt to start looking into a given issue having a more balanced standpoint without having to dismiss it. If it is possible to write a really convincing piece on a real-world application utilizing unique facts and research, then your odds of receiving admission to a top level university will surely grow! Be sure to connect the significance of th e activity to a particular experience or story to provide the essay direction. As soon as you have identified the 2 subjects, decide which similarity and difference to concentrate on. Below are the three most important aspects to consider to be sure you select the very best research paper topics. We've prepared a special college research paper topics list on several different topics. Not all research paper topics are made equal, and you would like to make certain you select a terrific topic before you commence writing. Essay topic ideas within this type are not of private option, for most admissions essays are a consequence of specific prompts. This is a rather broad category, so there are a whole lot of topics to pick from and even more that you could create all on your own. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you must clearly show your analytical skills. Otherwise, you must look at a number of the easy compare and contrast essay topics on the many scientific innovations. Despite the fact that you're just beginning to compose essays, you shouldn't struggle attempting to produce something to discuss. Not just that, but our capacity to get out and walk and meet people is a superb antidote to loneliness, and thus if we can't acquire outwe'll receive more lonely. Some could require research while some may require the usage of the five senses and figurative language. Most students have a tendency to go for easy essay topics by talking about themselves, doi ng their very best to express their distinctive qualities and trying to stick out from the remainder of the pack. The My Antonia Essay Topics Trap This memoir makes up the majority of the novel. At length, describe each one of the actions to create an essay of a process paper. So without further ado, below are some effective writing tips to create your common app essay stick out! Because each family differs, it's really hard to generalize in these sorts of essays. Should you decide you must speak about one of the cliche essay topics mentioned previously, an excellent method to tell a more prevalent story is to concentrate on one specific moment and build from that point. It's time to have a peek at the 100 interesting persuasive essay topics shared by the very best writers from other areas of the world! Whatever They Told You About My Antonia Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to folks who ar e quite interested in how you'll manage the subsequent four years all on your own. We will be able to help you opt for an essay topic according to the degree of education. For instance, a sociology professor may offer an overall topic like the effect of poverty in urban environments. Research and talk about the benefits of Catalonia receiving independence. The Upside to My Antonia Essay Topics It's therefore important to thoroughly consider different college essay topics. Colleges can tell whenever your essay is merely a form essay. A proposal essay is extremely easy to comprehend. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but don't forget to do your homework on what the present laws about your preferred topic actually say. There are a lot of possible compare and contrast essay topics, and a number of them are tricky to perform. In open-ended essay assignments, selecting an essay topic gets crucial to the general success of the bit of writing. The ideal topic for your essay is one which is aligned with your subject of study. The only rule to follow when picking a topic for your college essay is to pick the topic you're eager to write about. All things considered, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. A college essay topic may or might not be freely dependent on the student based on the course and the professor. If you are searching for college essay examples, here's a great one below. The college essay is among the most essential facets of your college application. College application essay topics are an essential portion of an entertaining and compelling bit of writing. In some instances, the college will give an essay topic for you. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

On dealing with the premiss that the practice of r Essay Example For Students

On dealing with the premiss that the practice of r Essay ecruitment and selection is a longway from the recommendations of personnel textbooks, distinction must be taken intoaccount between explicit recommendations and guidelines, on one hand, and, on the other,implicit suggestions stemming from the authors own stance. The implications of distancingfrom, or identification with, such explicit recommendations and implicit suggestions will beviewed in this paper as well as forms of overt and covert resistance, or adhesion, assumedin actual practice. Also central to the argument is what the whole issue means in terms ofboth existing problems and potential future problems for the employer and the candidate,for organizational management, the labour market and macro-economic welfare andprogress in general. Employment decisions have traditionally been regarded as a privilege exclusive tomanagement. Many of the US personnel textbooks emphasize this aspect and describe theprocess in terms of hurdles over which prospective employees have to try to leap to avoidrejection (Torrington and Hall, 1991:283). In the UK recruitment and selection is an issuewhich has in the past kept a low profile in personnel textbooks, though the trend haschanged (e.g., Torrington and Hall, 1991, Keith Sisson, 1994), which appears to point outto an evolution from the paternalistic perspective according to which recruitment tends to bedominantly viewed from the angle of providing candidates for the selector to judge. Recommendations are being made with respect to the various stages of the process ofrecruitment and selection, from approaching and seeking to interest potential candidates todetermining whether to appoint any of them. Codes of practice and guidelines for theirimplementation have been produced with emphasis on different aspects, e.g., on recruitmentstarting with a job description and person specification, by IPM; on fair and efficientselection, by EOC (1986); on avoidance of sex bias in selection testing, by EOC (1992);on avoidance of improper discrimination, by ACAS (1981) and negative bias against age,by IPM (1993); on non-discriminatory advertising, by CRE and EOC (1977, 1985); andon the use of cognitive and psychometric tests, by IPM and BPS (1993). 1. Moreover, legislation promoting equality of opportunity has underlined the importance of using well-validated selection procedures (Torrington and Hall, 1991), and directives suchas those issued by CRE (1983) and EOC (1985) emphasize the need to comply withanti-discrimination legislation and this way enhance opportunities to disadvantaged groups. Greater formality will both make the concealment of racial and sexual discrimination moredifficult and will permit more effective retrospective surveillance by senior management andbodies such as the CRE (Jenkins, 1982), thus to some extent remedying the weakness ofmuch of the EO literature in not frontally addressing the different types of discriminatorydecision, be it determinism, particularism, patronage or rational-legality (Jewson Mason,1986). As a counter-argument, however, the definition of the employers role as thatof implementing and monitoring formal procedures can be seen to absolve senior staffof the responsibility for further investigation of the causes of continuing inequality(Webb Liff, 1988). In fact, case studies have shown that such directives can be misused and theirintention subverted as often happens with respect to IPMs recommendations on jobdescription and person specification (Collinson et al., 1990: 96-108), and,furthermore, the legal definition of justifiability is sufficiently vague for the legislation to be ineffective; andthe workforce can be manipulated into becoming managements accomplice indiscrimination (ibid.: 70-71). Some recommendations are, in themselves, not sociallyand politically neutral enough to avoid ambiguity and, as such, encourage covertdiscrimination. Highlighting the causes behind the problem, EOC points out thatgender discrimination is embedded in myths (EOC, 1986:2), while we are alsoreminded that motherhood still remains a stigma (Curran, 1988) as the generalideology of gender still associates feminity with nurturing, and hence with servicing,which is translated directly into specific occupational terms (Murgatroyd, 1982). Accordingly inspite of what has been achieved women still face bottleneck onthe way to top jobs in personnel, a situation which has been aggravated by a recentregression in the previous upward trend for women, the latest figures standing at 44%of all personnel managers but only 9.5% of personnel directors (PM Plus, 1994). Getting into the boardroom is not the same as getting into the club, a glass ceilingmade difficult to shatter (BM, 1994) by the club members themselves who may alsotry to psychologically manipulate women into consenting and thus becomingaccomplices of their own fate. At least on their face value, for the past two decades personnel textbooks have beenrecommending equal opportunities in recruitment and selection. Rodgers SevenPoint Plan (Rodger, 1970) and Frasers Five-Fold Framework (Fraser, 1971:64-80) are checklists which emphasize the need for a logical link between jobdescription and person specification. Yet, Rodgers headings circumstances andacceptability have strong potential to be used as a cloak for improperdiscrimination (Sisson, 1994:189). In instances like this one the author of thepersonnel textbook is consciously or unconsciously, intentionally or unintentionally an accomplice of reluctant management. Recommendations become a vehicle ofsubversion of the proclaimed spirit. Even when guidelines appear to be socially and politically sound, the identification ofrequirements remains subjective when it comes to draft a job description asjudgement greatly depends on conclusions which are based on onesconceptualizations. The effect of prejudice and bias is, therefore, difficult to control,and unfairness in shortlisting is difficult to restrain. 2. Other main initial steps in the recruitment and selection process offer no guarantee offairness. Application forms, multi-purpose as advised by Edwards (1983:64), or not,may become a tool of discrimination as they can easily incorporate a discriminatorybias within their highly structured framework. Letters of application and CVs appearto be seen as of little relevance as a measure of performance in manual jobs(Duxfield, 1983:246-7) but to be regarded of great importance and possibly decisiveon other kinds of placement (Knollys, 1983: 236-8) where they are left to theassessors subjective evaluation. It is generally acknowledged that they are open todiscriminatory use by the employer (McIntosh and Smith, 1974). Furthermore, theuse of graphology, though controversial, is being practised in Britain (PM,1985). Engineering Team and the State Competition EssayThis situation emerges against a macro-economic background in which the dominanttrends point to an increasingly more intense competition in a global market-place. Inthe UK home labour market, the 1980s period of easy recruitment due to high levels ofunemployment has given place to recruitment difficulties with current skill shortagesand 4. forecasts of a significant drop in the number of young entrants and of at least a 50%female workforce. This situation looks bleak for those employers who fail to adoptnon-traditional methods of recruitment (Curnow, 1989), for a more proactiverecruitment strategy is required as a source of competitive advantage through aquality workforce (Torrington Hall, 1991), with a move towards a focus onexpected outcomes rather than procedures (Liff, 1989). In other words, EO is not just a problem of implementation, but, in contrast,important parts of the process still need to be better understood, particularly at theorganizational level (Aitkenhead, 1991: 26). However, not just at organizational level. What EO initiatives take place within organizations depends crucially upon how theconcept is understood by its members, and when organizational policy is translatedinto operational procedures it has implications for a persons activities and hence forhis or her cognitive world, and the relationship between organizational proceduresand individual cognitive world is two-way (Ibid: 35-41). With respect toconceptualization, a positive trend can be found in voices which value diversity (e.g. Copeland, 1982) and managing diversity (e.g. Greenslade, 1991, Jackson, 1992)inasmuch as this stresses positive aspects of difference with respect to ethnicity orwith respect to gender (Rosener, 1990), which suggests a favourable change ofperspective in industrial relations (Liff, 1995). In conclusion, the past few decades have seen the development of recommendationson recruitment and selection which challenge the traditional outlook of employmentmatters as a prerogative of management decision and the prospective employee as arelatively passive object of employers judgement. Personnel textbooks, codes ofpractice and anti-discriminatory legislation have put the focus on EO for women, ethnic andother disadvantaged groups. Such prescriptions appear to be seen by the employeras a conflict of interests with his managerial strategy and a threat to his establishedposition of authority and privilege. This has been the reaction of the white malemanager. Some of the prescriptions themselves have been informed by the cognitiveframework of the white male culture and thus, intentionally or unintentionally,rendered less efficient in their formulation. Others have been, and continue to be,subverted in practice by false compliance. In either case EO principles are defeated,and a sel f-reproducing phenomenon persists of acceptability over suitability in therecruitment and selection process. This status quo poses a complex problem which affects, more immediately, both therecruiter and the candidate and, at a larger scale, the whole economic scene. Mainlypreoccupied with repressing change, the employer appears to be reluctant toconsider that this same change can be to his own advantage, inasmuch as it willpromote a recruitment and selection approach which could contribute not only to afairer but also to a more cost-effective decision making. As far as the employer isconcerned, the felt problem appears to be the outside pressure put on him to change,while the real problem appears to be his difficulty in evolving cognitively. Managerialrefusal in a more effective staffing will have far-reaching consequencies as it willrender organizations inadequate to compete in an increasingly global market, aproblem of major repercussions, if a proactive response is not given to the need for aquality workforce that will guarantee competitiveness through quality goods and services. 5. On the supply side of the labour market the problem of discrimination has been feltso acutely as to prompt the overall awareness that led to the recommendations inquestion. A foreseable demographic change seems to favour the previously excludedgroups so far as it may result in more of a sellers market for labour which should, in turn,encourage the labour buyer to concentrate on outcomes rather than on procedure;and this shift away from the focus on procedure may help reduce antagonism andelusive compliance. Another opening can be seen in the fact that literature hasbecome possible on diversity as a positive asset to be profitably managed, adevelopment which remains, however, problematic so far as it may also be perceivedand resisted as a social issue. It is nevertheless a landmark in industrial relationsevolution in what it represents of a two-way interaction between the cognitive worldof both assessors and assessed, on one side, and, on the other, textbookrecommendations and related formal directives. However, ambiguity andambivalence persist at each stage of evolution and progress towards a more just andeffective management of human resources, and evidence presented above as in thecase of Opportunity 2000 suggests that, paradoxically and dangerously, thepromotion of objective recruitment and selection on merit is resorting, for credibility,to being implemented within the traditional recruiters framework ofconceptualization. REFERENCESACAS 1981: Recruitment and Selection. 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